Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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Más allá de los nini. Los jóvenes urbano-vulnerables en el Perú
2018 Lorena Alcazar, Maria Balarin, Cristina Glave, María Fernanda Rodríguez
Durante las últimas décadas, el término nini —referido a los jóvenes que no estudian ni trabajan— se ha instalado en las discusiones académicas y en los debates acerca de qué políticas conviene aplicar con el fin de atender las necesidades de los jóvenes vulnerables ante la exclusión social. Sin embargo, en un contexto como el […]
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JournalAmerican Journal of Political Science
Urbanization Patterns, Information Diffusion, and Female Voting in Rural Paraguay
2019 Alberto Chong, Gianmarco León, Vivian Roza, Martin Valdivia, Gabriela Vega
Researchers use a field experiment to evaluate the impact of two informational get-out-the-vote campaigns to boost female electoral participation in rural areas of Paraguay. They find that public rallies had a small and insignificant effect either on registration or voter turnout in the 2013 presidential elections. Households that received door-to-door canvassing treatment were 4.6 percentage points more likely […]
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Social Interactions and Female Voting in Rural Paraguay: The Role of Urbanization Patterns on the Effectiveness of GOVT Campaigns
2018 Alberto E. Chong, Gianmarco León, Vivian Roza, Martin Valdivia, Gabriela Vega
Los autores utilizan un experimento de campo para evaluar el impacto de dos campañas informativas “sacar el voto” (get-out-the-vote) para impulsar la participación electoral femenina en Paraguay. Encuentran que las campañas públicas no tuvieron ningún efecto ni en la probabilidad de registro ni en la participación de los votantes en las elecciones presidenciales de 2013. […]
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JournalEthnic and Racial Studies
Dynamics of ethnic and racial self-identification in contemporary Peru
2018 Martín Moreno, Martín Benavides
This study has sought to analyse how the social and cultural dynamics of the population are expressed in the recent processes of ethnic self-identification in Peru. Data from 2012 to 2016 Peru National Household survey was used to investigate specifically: (a) on the contribution of the questions about ethnic and racial self-identification included in the […]
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JournalSociology of Race and Ethnicity
Access to Higher Education of Afro-Peruvians: Disentangling the Influence of Skin Color and Social Origins in the Peruvian Stratification System
2018 Martín Benavides, Juan Leon, Claudia Galindo, Cedric Herring
Despite recent efforts by the Peruvian government to rectify centuries of injustice against Afro-Peruvians, not much is known about the relative influence of discrimination and social origins on Afro-Peruvians’ access to higher education. Using data from the 2014 Specialized Study of Afro-Peruvian Population and logistic regression, the authors examine the influence of skin color and […]
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Gender and Racial Discrimination in Hiring: A Pseudo Audit Study for Three Selected Occupations in Metropolitan Lima
2004, Maximo Torero,
In the paper, the authors adapt the audit studies methodology to analyze gender and racial differences in hiring for a particular segment of the market of three selected occupations in Metropolitan Lima: salespersons, secretaries and (accounting and administrative) assistants. The adapted pseudo-audit study methodology allows them to reduce the room for existence of statistical discrimination. […]
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Ethnicity and Earnings in Urban Peru
2004, Maximo Torero,
In this paper the authors study the relationship between ethnic exclusion and earnings in Urban Peru. The authors approach to the concept of ethnicity involves the usage of instruments in many of its several dimensions: mother tongue, parental background, religion, migration events and race. In order to approximate what can be called racial differences in a […]
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Mujer, empleo y pobreza: la experiencia reciente de los países andinos
1999, ,
La contribución del efecto empleo y efecto ingresos al crecimiento del ingreso familiar en los países andinos y la contribución relativa de la mujer a dicho crecimiento, especialmente en los hogares pobres.
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Quienes ganan y quienes pierden con una reforma estructural: cambios en la dispersión de ingresos según educación, experiencia y género en el Perú urbano
1997
Este trabajo apunta a determinar cuáles fueron los grupos perjudicados y cuáles los favorecidos por el ajuste estructural en términos de la evolución de los ingresos reales y los ingresos relativos.
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Projects
News
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International Women Day: Only 14 in 249 firms have a woman as a CEO
March 8, 2018 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
According to data gathered by Hugo Ñopo, only 14 in 249 firms listed on the Bolsa de Valores de Lima (Lima Stock Exchange) have a woman as a CEO. However, our senior researcher says in El Comercio: “Although initiatives to change policies assumed by firms are needed, household chores are also important. Typically, of 30 hours of household tasks, women […]
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GRADE among the most influential social policy think tanks worldwide, according to University of Pennsylvania
January 30, 2018 Rural development and agriculture, Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
For the eighth consecutive year, GRADE has been distinguished among the Top Social Policy Think Tanks in the world —29th place—, according to 2017 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report. This study, conducted by the Think Tanks and Civil Society Program at the University of Pennsylvania, classified 7815 organizations around the world in global and regional lists and by […]
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Hugo Ñopo: “Gender equity is not a ‘women issue'”
October 16, 2017 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“It is often wrong to talk about gender as a ‘women issue’. First because equity is a moral issue, and second, for economic reasons. Productivity of the country is going to improve only to the extent that we use the full potential of our human capital”. Read El Comercio‘s interview to our senior researcher, Hugo Ñopo, on gender equity in […]
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Hugo Ñopo on gender equity in Peru. A Channel N interview
September 30, 2017 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“In order for an average Peruvian household to be able to function normally, it requires some 30-32 hours of unpaid domestic work, of whic 24 are female. With these great disparities within households, men and women go to work and to study; they are in other markets with very important differences of opportunity”. Watch the interview with Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher […]
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What should a firm do to advance in gender equity? Hugo Ñopo shares his thoughts
July 20, 2017 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“It is wrong to say that gender equity only benefits women. It benefits the whole economy, due for a country means greater productivity and labor placement, which can increase the growth of GDP by two points” , said our senior researcher, Hugo Ñopo, based on the results of a ranking on gender equity in Peruvian […]
Events
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GRADE’s researchers are speakers and panelists at CIES XXVII Research Annual Seminar 2016
23/11/2016 → 24/11/2016 Hotel Meliá (Av. Salaverry 2599, San Isidro) Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
Several of our researchers are speakers and panelists at the CIES XXVII Research Annual Seminar 2016, hold by Economic and Social Research Consortium (CIES), from 22 to 24, November. The meeting brings together researchers from the economic, social and environment sciences, government officials, entrepreneurs, international cooperation and civic society agents around fourteen academic events: thematic research tables and […]
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Lorena Alcázar and Eduardo Zegarra will share findings from empirical studies on gender and public policies in Peru
11/10/2016 9:00 am - 11:00 am Auditorio de GRADE (Av. Almirante Grau 915, Barranco) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
The Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) will discuss the findings of two empirical studies on social policy and gender. The first, “The impacts of Juntos program in empowerment indicators of rural women”, was led by Lorena Alcázar. The second, “Evaluation of a women training program in Cañete”, was undertook by Eduardo Zegarra. Both studies were carried out for […]
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International Seminar – Towards 2017 census. Challenges of self identification
21/09/2016 → 22/09/2016 9:00 am - 5:00 pm Meliá Lima Hotel (Av. Salaverry 2599, San Isidro) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
The Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE), the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) and the National Institute of Statistics and Information (INEI) in Peru are jointly organizing the International Seminar – Towards 2017 census. Challenges of self identification, which will be held on September 21st to 22nd, 2016. The event aims to produce knowledge about statistical visibility in […]
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Néstor Valdivia will speak on Afro Peruvians and the ethnic variable inclusion in national censuses
15/06/2016 6:30 pm Instituto de Estudios Peruanos (Arnaldo Márquez 2277, Jesús María) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Hugo Ñopo es expositor en congreso internacional y foro de gestión de diversidad en el empleo público, en Colombia
02/06/2016 → 03/06/2016 8:00 am - 5:00 pm Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities