Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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JournalJournal of Youth Studies
Fractured lives: understanding urban youth vulnerability in Perú
2019 Lorena Alcazar, Maria Balarin, Cristina Glave, María Fernanda Rodríguez
The paper reports on a mixed methods study that sought to analyse determinants of youth labour market and educational disengagement in Peru. It begins by questioning the widespread focus on NEET – youth not in employment, education or training – as a measure of youth vulnerability in countries with extensive informal labour markets where labour […]
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Capital social y logro ocupacional en contextos de segregación
2019 Martín Benavides, Juan Leon, Álvaro Paredes, Diana La Riva
This study explores the influence of socioeconomic segregation in neighborhoods of Metropolitan Lima on the occupational achievement of heads of households, as well as the relevance of social capital in this relationship. Using the databases of the Nopoor project, a direct, negative and statistically significant relationship is identified between segregation and occupational achievement. In addition, […]
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JournalJournal of New Approaches in Educational Research
Design, Validation, and Application of a Questionnaire on Media Education for Teachers in Training
2019 Julio-César Mateus, Wilson Hernández
This article details the process of design, validation and application (N = 501) of an ad-hoc questionnaire that measures Peruvian teachers’ knowledge, attitudes, and reasoning in training on media education. With regards to the method, several psychometric validation techniques were applied and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed a high level […]
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JournalSSM Population Health
Exploring the association between segregation and physical intimate partner violence in Lima, Peru: the mediating role of gender norms and social capital
2019 Martín Benavides, Juan Leon, Manuel Etesse, Lucía Espezúa, Jimena Stuart
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been globally recognized as a major public health problem. A growing body of evidence has identified a significant relationship between living in a neighborhood of concentrated disadvantage and experiencing IPV. Considering the increasing rates of poverty and segregation registered in Latin American cities, research on the effects of segregation on […]
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Discrimination in Latin America: An Elephant in the Room?
2007,
The paper surveys evidence on discrimination in Latin America and shows that there is a widespread perception of discrimination, especially against the poor, the uneducated and those who lack connections. The channels through which discrimination occurs may be built on the basis of economic factors. However, while perception surveys may be informative, they are less […]
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Traditional excluding forces: a review of the quantitative literature on the economic situation of indigenous people, afro-descendant and people living with desability
2007,
La distribución desigual de riqueza en América Latina y el Caribe esta ligada a la distribución desigual de activos (humanos y físicos) y al acceso diferenciado a los mercados y servicios. Estas circunstancias, y las correspondientes tensiones sociales, deben ser entendidas en términos de fuerzas tradicionales de exlcusión; los sectores de la población que experimentan […]
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La brecha salarial entre los sexos en Chile en 1992-2003 desde una perspectiva de comparaciones emparejadas
2006,
En el documento de trabajo se analiza la evolución de la brecha salarial entre los sexos en Chile durante el período de 1992 a 2003, empleándose el enfoque de descomposición desarrollado en Ñopo (2004). Este enfoque, en el que se descompone la brecha salarial en cuatro elementos aditivos, se hace hincapié en la necesidad de […]
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Gender and racial discrimination in hiring: a pseudo audit study for three selected occupations in Metropolitan Lima
2004, Maximo Torero,
We analyze gender and racial diferences in hiring for a particular segment of the market of three selected occupations in Metropolitan Lima: salespersons, secretaries and (accounting and administrative) assistants.
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Ethnicity and earnings in urban Peru
2004, Maximo Torero,
The relationship between ethnic exclusion and earnings in Urban Peru. Our approach to the concept of ethnicity involves the usage of instruments in many of its several dimensions: mother tongue, parental background, religion, migration events and race.
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Projects
News
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María Balarin joins podcast about the authorship of research work carried out by women
May 16, 2018 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
María Balarin, Senior Researcher at GRADE and member of Grupo Sofía, Carmen Velezmoro, Vice Chancelor of Research at Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, and Gisella Orjeda, chair of the Association En Órbita, discuss the issues regarding the authorship of academic research work made by women. Podcast of Mujeres Que Transforman.
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Inequalities in social analysis. Carolina Trivelli writes about Grupo Sofía’s new book
May 14, 2018 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“We look at reality from a male perspective, losing focus. Diversity is essential and the discussion between different visions is the fundamental exercise in social research.” Carolina Trivelli, senior researcher at the Institute of Peruvian Studies, writes in Peru21 about the new Sofia Group book, “Inequality in academy”.
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Inequality in academy, by Lorena Alcázar and María Balarin
May 11, 2018 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
In the Peruvian social sciences, half of the university students are women. However, only one in three teachers and one in five media experts are women. Why do we see fewer women in academic events, media and in teaching and management positions? What can be done about it? We share the op-ed by Lorena Alcázar and María Balarin, […]
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Book launch: Grupo Sofía presented “Inequality in academia: women in the Peruvian social sciences”
May 9, 2018 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Grupo Sofía held the launch of its book “Inequality in academia: women in the Peruvian social sciences”, edited by Lorena Alcázar and María Balarin. The book includes chapters of researchers Patricia Ames, Norma Correa, Erika Busse, Roxana Barrantes, Patricia Ruiz-Bravo, Yamilé Guibert, Andrea Román, Aurora Escudero, Karen Espinoza and María Fernanda Rodríguez. They present rigorous evidence, until […]
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María Balarín on the presence and impact of women in science in Peru
April 18, 2018 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
María Balarin, senior researcher at GRADE, Carmen Velezmoro, vice-rector of research at the National Agrarian University La Molina, and Gisella Orjeda, former president of the National Council of Science, Technology and Technological Innovation, discuss the situation of women in science in the Peru and share with the initiative Women Transforming their experience: What macho expressions and attitudes […]
Events
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Néstor Valdivia discussed the advances and challenges in intercultural citizenship and public policies, at the International Culture Forum
27/10/2017 11:15 am - 12:25 pm Ministerio de Cultura (Avenida Javier Prado Este 2479, San Borja) Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Culture as an engine of development” is the theme of the International Culture Forum, held by the Ministry of Culture of Peru, on October 26 and 27. During the second day of the event, our associate researcher, Néstor Valdivia, discussed the advances and challenges in intercultural citizenship and public policies, together with Mirna Cunningham, President […]
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Hugo Ñopo will join ESAN University Forum: Education and preparation for the future
04/10/2017 8:00 am - 12:45 pm Hotel Hilton (Av. la Paz 1099, Miraflores) Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our senior researcher, Hugo Ñopo, will be part of the ESAN University forum “Education and preparation for the future” (check out the agenda), to be held on Wednesday, October 4, at the Hilton Hotel. Hugo will be a speaker at the first panel that will address a gender equity approach. Admission is free, previous registration here. From the Forum […]
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Presentaciones de investigadores de GRADE en el V Congreso Anual de la Asociación Peruana de Economía APE 2017
11/08/2017 → 12/08/2017 8:00 am - 1:00 pm Universidad de Lima Rural development and agriculture, Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict, State reform and public institutions, Health and nutrition
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Hugo Ñopo will be speaker at Oxford University “A Better Future for Women at Work: Legal and Policy Strategies” International Conference
18/05/2017 3:10 pm - 4:10 pm Harold Lee Room, Pembroke College Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Despite numerous legal and policy interventions women continue to face significant disadvantage in both formal and informal work. The law, as currently conceived, has been unable to fully achieve women’s equality in the labour force. However, while it is important to question whether we can rely exclusively on the law to fully address the continuing and […]
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Investigadores de GRADE se presentarán en el XXXV Congreso Internacional de la Asociación de Estudios Latinoamericanos LASA 2017 – Diálogos de Saberes
29/04/2017 → 01/05/2017 7:00 am - 9:00 pm Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Rural development and agriculture, Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities