Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
Promoting the environmentally and socially sustainable management of natural resources is one of the biggest challenges facing the countries of the Andean-Amazonian region—in particular, Peru. The high frequency of conflict that accompanies extractive activities, the growing deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, and recurring water scarcity due to climate change are just some examples of the multiplicity of challenges that the Andean-Amazonian region faces in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In light of these challenges, our research analyzes the existing social, economic, and political conditions that hinder the sustainable management of resources through a territorial and interdisciplinary approach. We then use these studies to propose public policy recommendations for the better governance of resources Our studies have contributed to the analysis of several specific topics such as territorial management policies, institutional changes linked to small and large-scale mining development, the relationship between land tenure systems and sustainable pasture management, and policies governing access to water in the context of extractive activities and climate change. We have also conducted evaluations of resource management projects and policies such as conservation initiatives and sustainable agriculture in the Amazon.
Senior Researchers
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Gerardo Damonte Valencia (on leave)
PhD en Anthropology - Cornell University
Gerardo Damonte Valencia has an MA and PhD in Anthropology from Cornell University. He carries out research in the field of natural resources at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) (currently on leave) along with his teaching position in the Department of Political Sciences at the Pontifical Catholic University in Peru. Gerardo leads […]
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Manuel Glave Testino
PhD en Economics - University of Illinois en Champaign
Manuel Glave has a PhD in Economics from the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign. He is a Senior Researcher at GRADE where he specialises in rural development, environmental economics and natural resources, and where he undertakes analysis of public policy relating to agriculture and the environment. He is a Senior Professor in the Department of […]
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Eduardo Zegarra Méndez
PhD en Agricultural and Applied Economics - University of Wisconsin
Eduardo Zegarra is an economist from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru and has a PhD in Agricultural and Applied Economics from the University of Wisconsin, specializing in rural development and natural resource management. His dissertation explores the workings and failures of the water market in Chile. He has researched and published on a wide […]
Associated Researchers
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Juana Kuramoto Huamán (on leave)
PhD candidate en Innovation & Technology - Maastricht University
Juana Kuramoto received a Master’s Degree in Public Policy from the University Carnegie Mellon in 1995. She is currently studying for a PhD in Policy Studies and Technological Change at the University of Maastricht and is an Associate Researcher at GRADE. Her fields of interest are technological innovation, scientific and technological policy, and mining. She […]
External Consultants
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Álvaro Hopkins Barriga
Master en - Wageningen University & Research
Álvaro has a Master’s in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica and a degree in Economics from the same university. Also, he has a Master’s in Development Economics from Wageningen University & Research. He rejoins GRADE as a researcher for the project “Towards a Sustainable Infrastructure in the Peruvian Amazon”, led by Manuel Glave.
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Lorenzo López Garnier
Master en - Imperial College London
Lorenzo holds a Master’s degree in Environmental Technology with a specialization in Environmental Resources Management from Imperial College London and a Degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from King’s College London in UK. He rejoins GRADE as a Consultant in the ‘Transitions to Sustainability’ project led by Manuel Glave.
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Carlos Monge Salgado
PhD en - University of Miami
Anthropologist by the Pontifical University Catholic of the Peru, Ph.d. in Latin American history from the University of Miami. Has been a Researcher at the Centro de Estudios Rurales Andinos Bartolomé de las Casas in Cuzco; researcher and Development Area Coordinator at the Centro Peruano de Estudios Sociales in Lima, advisor to the Confederación Campesina […]
External Affiliated Researchers
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Sonia Laszlo
PhD en - University of Toronto
Sonia Laszlo is Associate Professor of Economics and Director of the Institute for the Study of International Development. Her main research areas cover many aspects of applied microeconomic analysis in economic development: rural development, access to markets, and the relationship between income, health and education in economic development. In addition to using traditional analytic tools […]
Visiting Researchers
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Ashley Manning
Student en -
Ashley is a student in Geography at Dartmouth College, United States. During her residency at GRADE she supported Javier Escobal as a research intern.
Publications
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Hacia una política de gestión integral de pasivos ambientales mineros en Chile
2023 Julieta Godfrid, Pamela Poo Cifuentes, Tomás Palmisano, Claudia Fuentes Pereira, Manuel Glave
En Chile existen 5422 faenas mineras abandonadas o inactivas (SERNAGEOMIN, 2019) que constituyen un riesgo potencial para la salud de las poblaciones y los ecosistemas. La infraestructura minera abandonada o cerrada inadecuadamente, así como sus remanentes –residuos o restos–, son pasivos ambientales mineros (PAM). Los PAM han sido generados por la minería del pasado; sin […]
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Políticas de gobierno en territorios con extracción minera: cuestionamientos y oportunidades
El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar2022 Gerardo Damonte
El último boom extractivo, que en buena medida ha sido el motor del crecimiento económico del país, ha traído consigo graves complicaciones de gobernabilidad que se manifiestan en recurrentes problemáticas socioambientales. El rechazo a las políticas mineras del Gobierno central en los territorios con extracción es significativo y agudiza la desafección de las poblaciones locales […]
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El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar
2022 Maria Balarin, Santiago Cueto, Ricardo Fort
Los ensayos que conforman este libro han sido escritos a modo de conmemoración por los primeros 40 años de vida institucional de GRADE, que coinciden no solo con el Bicentenario de la Independencia del Perú, sino también con la crisis sanitaria por la pandemia del COVID-19 y sus profundas secuelas económicas, sociales y políticas. Desde […]
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JournalJournal of Environmental Policy & Planning
Materialities, discourses and governance: scallop culture in Sechura, Peru
2022 Lotta Clara Kluger, Achim Schlüter, Maria Garteizgogeascoa, Gerardo Damonte
This paper looks at the institutional emergence, particularly space rights, within the culture of the Peruvian bay scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) in Sechura Bay. The institutional system developed within a period of 20 years from an open-access, gold rush scenario to a rather structured, formal activity – however, still relies on a lot of informality. This […]
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JournalEstudios Atacameños
La apuesta por la infraestructura: inversión pública y la reproducción de la escasez hídrica en contextos de gran minería en Perú y Colombia
2022 Gerardo Damonte, Astrid Ulloa, Catalina Quiroga Manrique, Ana Paula López Minchán
Las políticas públicas y privadas típicamente consideran la construcción de infraestructuras como la respuesta más apropiada a los problemas de escasez y disputas por el agua en contextos de minería a gran escala. Sin embargo, la infraestructura en sí misma no siempre trae soluciones. En este contexto, nos preguntamos: ¿Cuáles son las lógicas que gobiernan […]
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Hallazgos y recomendaciones para mejorar la calidad de la participación en territorios con minería a gran escala
2020
In recent decades, Chile and Peru have achieved sustained economic growth from the exploitation of their natural resources and the expansion of their extractive industries. In this development model, mining has played a central role, specifically that both countries have large copper reserves and are leaders in its production, being the first and second producer […]
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Hybrid Institutions Institutionalizing Practices in the Context of Extractive Expansion
2019
States face the challenge of developing institutions to govern the activities of social actors when an area under their control becomes the target of increased extractive activities. National and local public regulations safeguarding the environment, the assignment of extractive rights to individuals or companies, and handling of ensuing conflicts are developed in an institutional gray […]
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La gestión del agua desde el punto de vista del Nexo entre el agua, la energía y la alimentación en el Perú: estudio de caso del valle de Ica
2018
El presente estudio utiliza el enfoque del Nexo entre el agua, la energía y la alimentación para analizar las interacciones entre actores públicos y privados en el valle de Ica, ubicado a 300 kilómetros al sur de Lima, Perú. Esto se realiza presentando un diagnóstico del marco institucional para la gestión del agua e indagando sobre la forma […]
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Problemas vinculados al cambio y variabilidad climáticos y modelos ejemplares de adaptación por regiones en el Perú
2017
El presente informe describe seis problemas vinculados al cambio y variabilidad climática, así como ejemplos de proyectos ejemplares de adaptación y educación referidos a dichos problemas. En particular, se presentan los problemas vinculados a: (1) desglaciación, (2) escasez hídrica, (3) “heladas”, (4) deforestación, (5) inundaciones y (6) contaminación hídrica. El objetivo de la investigación en […]
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The Evolution of Collective Land Tenure Regimes in Pastoralist Societies: Lessons from Andean Countries
2016Gerardo Damonte, Manuel Glave,
This paper analyses how land tenure regimes of pastoralist societies living in the Andean altiplano have transformed over the last 50 years. It also discusses the implications of these transformations for the sustainability of resource management in these areas. Building on the framework proposed by Schlager and Ostrom (1992), this study employs a historical institutional analysis […]
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JournalJournal of Environmental Policy & Planning
Materialities, discourses and governance: scallop culture in Sechura, Peru
2022
This paper looks at the institutional emergence, particularly space rights, within the culture of the Peruvian bay scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) in Sechura Bay. The institutional system developed within a period of 20 years from an open-access, gold rush scenario to a rather structured, formal activity – however, still relies on a lot of informality. This […]
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JournalEstudios Atacameños
La apuesta por la infraestructura: inversión pública y la reproducción de la escasez hídrica en contextos de gran minería en Perú y Colombia
2022
Las políticas públicas y privadas típicamente consideran la construcción de infraestructuras como la respuesta más apropiada a los problemas de escasez y disputas por el agua en contextos de minería a gran escala. Sin embargo, la infraestructura en sí misma no siempre trae soluciones. En este contexto, nos preguntamos: ¿Cuáles son las lógicas que gobiernan […]
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JournalRevista de Ciencia Política.
Institutional Innovations in Mining Contexts: the Experience of Community Water Monitoring in Argentina and Peru
2022
In the context of institutional transformations that resulted from the mining expansion in Latin America, this article explores the emergence of a social institutional innovation: community based water monitoring. From a qualitative perspective the emergence of a new community form of environmental control in Argentina and Peru is analyzed. The article contributes to the debate […]
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JournalRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
A novel modelling toolkit for unpacking the Water-Energy-Food-Environment (WEFE) nexus of agricultural development
2022
Increasing food demand has led to significant agricultural expansion globally with negative impacts on resources and the environment, a perfect manifestation of the Water-Energy-Food-Environment nexus. Whilst many tools have been developed to understand the complexity of the Water-Energy-Food-Environment nexus most have failed to explicitly consider biophysical and socio-economic aspects simultaneously. A novel Water-Energy-Food-Environment modelling toolkit […]
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JournalThe Extractive Industries and Society
Mining and urbanization: Ways of generating water insecurity in Andean territories
2021
Mining has historically facilitated urban growth, and water access in towns and cities has become one of the most prevalent and divisive of the unresolved problems surrounding mining. Urban areas in the vicinity of large-scale mining ventures endure chronic water shortages, and these areas often turn to remote water sources to meet their needs even […]
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Políticas de gobierno en territorios con extracción minera: cuestionamientos y oportunidades
El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar2022
El último boom extractivo, que en buena medida ha sido el motor del crecimiento económico del país, ha traído consigo graves complicaciones de gobernabilidad que se manifiestan en recurrentes problemáticas socioambientales. El rechazo a las políticas mineras del Gobierno central en los territorios con extracción es significativo y agudiza la desafección de las poblaciones locales […]
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En los margenes del boom agroexportador: artículación de los pequeños productores a las cadenas de valor globales
Sepia XVII. Perú: el problema agrario en debate2018
Los importantes cambios en los sistemas agroalimentarios mundiales, en las últimas dos décadas, han planteado una serie de retos, conceptuales y empíricos, para la formulación de una mirada integral a las cadenas de valor agrícolas globales (CVA) y, en particular, respecto a las condiciones de entrada de pequeños productores y los impactos económicos que genera […]
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Políticas públicas, relaciones de poder y conflicto de intereses en la gestión de aguas subterráneas en Ica
Aguas en disputa: Ica y Huancavelica, entre el entrampamiento y el diálogo2018
¿Cuáles son los principales instrumentos de política pública generadas por el Estado para palear o resolver el problema de escasez hídrica en Ica? ¿En qué medida su implementación se ha visto influida por los distintos poderes locales y nacionales? Y, ¿qué nos dice esto sobre el rol del Estado y el poder hídrico? Estas son […]
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Escasez de agua en la cuenca del río Ica y el Alto Pampas en Huancavelica: un intento de mirada interdisciplinaria
Aguas en disputa: Ica y Huancavelica, entre el entrampamiento y el diálogo2018
El presente artículo intenta realizar una mirada interdisciplinaria sobre la problemática de la escasez de agua en la cuenca del río Ica y del Alto Pampas, en las regiones de Ica y Huancavelica, respectivamente.
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Cambio global, alta montaña y adaptación: una aproximación social y geográfica
Investigación para el desarrollo en el Perú: once balances2016
The present study documents main advances in three areas: institutional, scientific knowledge production, and adaptation projects for confronting climate change in Peru. The analysis of a case study in the Cordillera Blanca brings to light the problems and constraints that can be faced by adaptation projects implemented under a sectorial viewpoint lacking sufficient scientific and […]
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Hacia una política de gestión integral de pasivos ambientales mineros en Chile
2023
En Chile existen 5422 faenas mineras abandonadas o inactivas (SERNAGEOMIN, 2019) que constituyen un riesgo potencial para la salud de las poblaciones y los ecosistemas. La infraestructura minera abandonada o cerrada inadecuadamente, así como sus remanentes –residuos o restos–, son pasivos ambientales mineros (PAM). Los PAM han sido generados por la minería del pasado; sin […]
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Perú | Construcción de infraestructuras: no perder las oportunidades de reducir las desigualdades en el acceso al agua
2020
The construction of water infrastructure by itself does not solve the problem of water stress and scarcity in territories with large-scale mining and can generate unwanted collateral effects such as increases, conflicts and disputes in access to water. Based on the evidence from the cases of La Guajira in Colombia and Espinar in Peru, this […]
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Colombia | Producción de desigualdades en las relaciones con el agua: consecuencias de la construcción de infraestructuras
2020
The construction of water infrastructure by itself does not solve the problem of stress and water scarcity in territories with large-scale mining and can generate and increase socio-environmental inequalities, conflicts and disputes in access to water. Based on the evidence of the case of La Guajira in Colombia, authors recommend that the construction of infrastructure […]
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Chile | Nuevos atributos en los protocolos de emergencia ambiental a considerar en el ámbito de la minería
2020
Repeated incidents in mining operations in the Aconcagua river basin have generated uncertainty in the population about water quality, which has deepened the water crisis in the Valparaíso region. In this context, it is necessary for the State to improve its crisis management protocols against environmental accidents, through the inclusion of local actors. A coordinated […]
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Argentina | Propuestas para mejorar los mecanismos de evaluación ambiental minera
2020
Based on research on mining and water resources in Andean countries, this document provides public policy recommendations to help improve environmental monitoring of mining. In Argentina, the Veladero project located in San Juan was studied, and in Peru, the Antapaccay – Tintaya Expansion project, located in Espinar. The cases analyzed show that it is necessary […]
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El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar
2022
Los ensayos que conforman este libro han sido escritos a modo de conmemoración por los primeros 40 años de vida institucional de GRADE, que coinciden no solo con el Bicentenario de la Independencia del Perú, sino también con la crisis sanitaria por la pandemia del COVID-19 y sus profundas secuelas económicas, sociales y políticas. Desde […]
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Crecimiento, desigualdad y los retos para la sostenibilidad en un escenario post-boom en la región andina
2018
El progreso en términos de desarrollo humano, i.e. la mejora de indicadores de educación, salud e ingresos económicos, ha sido extremadamente lento en los países de la región andina. Sin embargo, en las últimas dos décadas (desde el comienzo del año 2000) la región experimentó una fase de auge económico resultante de un boom en […]
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Sepia XVII. Perú: el problema agrario en debate
2018
TEMA I. CADENAS DE VALOR Y SUS CONSECUENCIAS PARA EL DESARROLLO RURAL PONENCIA DE BALANCE En los márgenes del boom agroexportador: articulación de los pequeños productores a las cadenas de valor globales Héctor Paredes y Ricardo Fort ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN Cadenas de valor agrícolas y su impacto sobre los ingresos de medianos y pequeños productores: evidencia […]
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Investigación para el desarrollo en el Perú: once balances
2016
Este libro recoge los once balances de investigación presentados en la conferencia Avances Recientes en la Investigación y Políticas para el Desarrollo, organizada en el marco del 35 aniversario del Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE). Los textos de esta publicación buscan continuar satisfaciendo la demanda de conocimiento dirigida a sostener un debate más […]
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¿Agroindustria en la Amazonía? Posibilidades para el desarrollo inclusivo y sostenible de la palma aceitera en el Perú
2016Ricardo Fort, Elena Borasino,
En la discusión sobre las posibilidades de desarrollo del cultivo agroindustrial de la palma aceitera en la Amazonía peruana se plasman varios de los principales debates modernos sobre modelos de desarrollo rural ambientalmente sostenibles y socioeconómicamente inclusivos. La historia de la expansión de este sector y los diversos problemas que hoy enfrenta reflejan, además, muchas […]
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Manejando el éxito y el fracaso: estudio comparativo de los manejos locales de las JASS en la comunidad campesina de San Andrés de Yanacca y la comunidad campesina de Llactacunca para el mejoramiento del saneamiento rural
2021
El objetivo del estudio es analizar de manera comparativa cómo se configuran los mecanismos institucionales híbridos (reglas y procedimientos formales e informales) en materia de manejo de recursos hídricos entre las comunidades campesinas de San Andrés de Yanacca y de Llactacunca (Cotabambas, Apurímac) que han adoptado el modelo de JASS propuesto por el Plan Nacional […]
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Pereza fiscal en gobiernos locales: el efecto del canon sobre la recaudación
2019
The aim of this article is to examine if mining royalties caused a fiscal laziness effect in Peruvian local governments through lower levels of tax revenue and if this result varies when a woman is on charge of the municipality. We use administrative data from every municipality for the period 2009-2018, total production and international […]
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Gobernanza forestal y sostenibilidad en la Amazonía: avances y desafíos de políticas en el Perú
2018
Despite the change in the legal regime of 2001, forest management is still not very sustainable. In 2011, a new forestry law was approved (No. 29763). Which aspects of forest governance have improved and which are still a challenge are questions that this research seeks to answer. While this new law has brought substantial changes, […]
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The effect of an additional alternative on measured risk preferences in a laboratory experiment in Peru
2006, Javier Escobal, Sonia Laszlo,
We experimentally test for the effect of an additional alternative on the measured risk preferences of farmers in rural Peru.
Projects
- Situational diagnosis of artisanal and small-scale mining in the Peruvian AmazonOctober 2023
- Situational diagnosis of artisanal and small-scale mining in the Peruvian AmazonOctober 2023
- Monitoring proposal for the National Sustainable Infrastructure Plan for Competitiveness (PNISC) 2022-2025August 2023
- Exploratory study on corrosive capital in PeruMay 2023
- Design of a tool for the evaluation of social conflicts in PeruMay 2023
- Socioeconomic study of the feasibility of the river connection alternative between Boca Manu and Boca Colorado.August 2022
- Promotion and strengthening of proposals from civil society organizations for inclusive and sustainable development initiatives in mining regions of Colombia, Peru and Chile.January 2022
- Analysis of the current situation, trends and challenges of activities, energy, extractive, productive, and construction of infrastructure on a critical scale for the National System of Natural Areas (SINANPE)April 2021
- Measurement, learning and social measurement to generate behavioral change, as part of Antamina’s social strategyOctober 2020
- Transition initiatives towards models of sustainable territorial development in territories with large-scale miningOctober 2020
News
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Transitions to sustainability in mining territories in Colombia, Chile and Peru: project closure infographic
January 30, 2024 Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
For two years, we sought to identify and analyze transitions for sustainable and inclusive socioeconomic and institutional transformation in territories with a large-scale mining presence in Peru, Chile and Colombia. Learn about all the stages of the project in this infographic. This project was executed by GRADE, with the support of the Ford Foundation. INTERNATIONAL […]
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Planificando Infraestructura Sostenible en el Perú: documentos de política
November 13, 2023 Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
Estos documentos presentan los resultados más importantes de más de dos años de investigaciones y reflexiones sobre la planificación en infraestructura, cómo se aborda la sostenibilidad ambiental en la planificación en infraestructura y cómo se aborda el enfoque territorial en la planificación en infraestructura en el Perú, con el fin de contribuir al debate en […]
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Manuel Glave talks about the living conditions of the communities and the conservation of species in Manu
October 18, 2023 Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
“There is a tension or contradiction between the park’s conservation objectives and the development objectives of living conditions.” Our senior researcher Manuel Glave talked to Radio Madre de Dios about the policies in favor of the communities and the conservation of natural species in Manu National Park.
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Urban extractivism in Peru, by Manuel Glave
September 27, 2023 Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
“Extractivism as a way of operating, as a way of extracting income, as a way of investing without taking into consideration the impacts generated by a large-scale investment, also reaches the big cities”. Taking the case of the Santa Rosa expressway in Callao, our senior researcher Manuel Glave reflects on urban extractivism in the country. […]
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Eduardo Zegarra shares his thoughts in a Spanish TV channel laSexta reportage on the jam in Panama Canal
August 28, 2023 Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
“Panama is a country where rainfall is very intense, it is tropical climate country and they are going through a rain scarcity, a drought that has been going on for two or three years”. Eduardo Zegarra, Senior Researcher at GRADE, joined a Spanish news channel laSexta reportage about the ship traffic jam in Panama Canal.
Events
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Iquitos: TNC-WCS-GRADE event exchanged perspectives on the new National Sustainable Infrastructure Plan for Competitiveness
13/12/2023 4:00 pm - 6:00 pm Iquitos Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
Together with WCS Peru and TNC Latin America, yesterday we organized an exchange of perspectives and recommendations on the changes and progress of the new National Sustainable Infrastructure Plan for Competitiveness (PNISC) and its roadmap, focusing on sustainability and territoriality approaches. POLICY PAPERS At the event, we shared the recently published policy papers that bring […]
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GRADE and trAndeS held the international seminar Transitions to sustainability: lessons learned in territories with a large-scale mining presence in Colombia, Chile and Peru.
15/11/2023 → 16/12/2023 9:00 am - 1:00 pm Auditorio de GRADE Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
El Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE) y trAndeS Programa de Posgrado en Desarrollo Sostenible y Desigualdades Sociales en la Región Andina, con el apoyo de la Fundación Ford, organizaron el Seminario Internacional Transiciones hacia la sostenibilidad: lecciones aprendidas en territorios con presencia de minería a gran escala en Colombia, Chile y Perú, los días […]
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Eduardo Zegarra will join CEPLAN’s XXI Forum of the Future: Water Stress in Peru
14/07/2023 8:30 am - 11:30 am Facebook y YouTube de CEPLAN Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
Our Senior Researcher Eduardo Zegarra will join the XXI Forum of the Future: Water Stress in Peru, organized by the National Center for Strategic Planning (CEPLAN). The Forum will allow a constructive debate among various actors from the public sector, business sector, academia and civil society; who aspire to contribute to the generation of strategic […]
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WCS Peru, TNC and GRADE held the seminar Recommendations for the transition to sustainable infrastructure in Peru
13/07/2023 9:30 am - 12:00 pm Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
Recognizing the importance of public and private investment for the sustainable development of the country, it is necessary to advance in the construction of infrastructure plans and tools that guarantee such development. In this context, we exchanged perspectives on the progress of the new National Sustainable Infrastructure Plan for Competitiveness and its roadmap, under the […]
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Eduardo Zegarra joins the UN-Water Summit on Groundwater 2022
06/12/2022 8:00 am París, Francia, y Zoom Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
The UN-Water Summit on Groundwater 2022 aims to bring attention to groundwater at the highest international level. The Summit will use the UN World Water Development Report 2022 as a baseline and the SDG 6 Global Acceleration Framework as a guideline to define actions towards more responsible and sustainable use and protection of this vital […]
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