Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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Unpacking the Post-lockdown Employment Recovery of Young Women in the Global South
2021 Douglas Scott, Richard Freund, Marta Favara, Catherine Porter, Alan Sanchez
This paper analyses the difference in short-term employment recovery between young men and women in India, Peru and Vietnam following the national lockdowns imposed in all three countries during 2020. The authors employ a mediation model to establish whether – and to what extent – commonly suggested mechanisms are responsible for a relatively slower recovery among […]
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JournalCriminology & Criminal Justice
Does context matter? Examining robbery reporting in a high crime country
2021 Wilson Hernández, Katrina R Heimark
Most empirical studies that examine why individuals report property crimes to the police have focused on Global North countries where crime rates are low. This study is situated in the most violent area of the world, Latin America, and examines Peru, which has the highest robbery victimization rate in the Americas. This article examines the […]
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Estrategias de cuidado infantil en familias vulnerables peruanas: Evidencia cualitativa de Niños del Milenio
2021 Vanessa Rojas
El análisis de las percepciones de niños y niñas, y de las diversas situaciones que enfrentan familias urbanas y rurales que participan en el estudio cualitativo longitudinal Niños del Milenio (NdM), muestra que el cuidado infantil es una actividad familiar y femenina. Además, la precariedad económica en la que viven estos niños los expone a […]
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Do More School Resources Increase Learning Outcomes? Evidence from an Extended School-Day Reform
2021 Jorge M. Agüero, Marta Favara, Catherine Porter, Alan Sanchez
Sigue siendo un debate abierto si la asignación de más recursos mejora los resultados de aprendizaje de los alumnos de las escuelas públicas de bajo rendimiento. Nos centramos en el efecto del aumento del tiempo de instrucción, que es teóricamente ambiguo debido a posibles cambios compensatorios en el esfuerzo de los estudiantes, los profesores o […]
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La situación educativa de las niñas, niños y adolescentes afroperuanos: una mirada al acceso, resultados y entornos educativos
2021 Juan Leon,
One of the main barriers in our country (and in others countries) to portraying the socioeconomic situation of the Afro-descendant population is the lack of information disaggregated by ethnic group. This article presents the educational situation of Afro-Peruvian girls, boys, and adolescents and provides recommendations to continue developing studies that allow information to be disaggregated […]
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Gender Earnings Gaps in the World
2011,
The paper documents gender disparities in labor earnings for sixty-four countries around the world. Disparities are partially attributed to gender differences in observable socio-demographic and job characteristics. These characteristics are used to match males and females such that gender earnings disparities are computed only among individuals with the same characteristics, as in Ñopo (2008). After […]
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Evolution of Gender Gaps in Latin America at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: An Addendum to “New Century, Old Disparities”
2010,
The paper complements the findings of Atal, Ñopo and Winder (2009) on gender and ethnic wage gaps for 18 Latin American countries circa 2005 by analyzing gender wage gaps for the same countries between circa 1992 and circa 2007. During this span the overall gender earnings gaps dropped about 7 percentage points, while the unexplained […]
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Evolution of Gender Wage Gaps in Latin America at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: An Addendum to “New Century, Old Disparities”
2010,
The authors complements the findings of Atal, Ñopo and Winder (2010) on gender and ethnic wage gaps for 18 Latin American countries circa 2005 by analyzing gender wage gaps for the same countries between circa 1992 and circa 2007. During this span the overall gender earnings gaps dropped about 7 percentage points, while the unexplained […]
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The Persistent Gender Earnings Gap in Colombia, 1994-2006
2010
The authors surveys gender wage gaps in Colombia from 1994 to 2006, using matchingcomparisons to examine the extent to which individuals with similar human capitalcharacteristics earn different wages. Three sub-periods are considered: 1994-1998; 2000-2001; and 2002- 2006. The gaps dropped from the first to the second period but remained almost unchanged between the second and […]
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Gender Earnings Gaps in the Caribbean: Evidence from Barbados and Jamaica
2010,
The authors analyzes gender earnings gaps in Barbados and Jamaica, using a matching comparisons approach. In both countries, as in most of the Caribbean region, females’ educational achievement is higher than that of males. Nonetheless, males’ earnings surpass those of their female peers. Depending on the set of control characteristics, males’ earnings surpass those of […]
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JournalPolicy in Focus
Impacts of the Peruvian Conditional Cash Transfer Programme on women’s empowerment: a quantitative and qualitative approach
2015Lorena Alcazar,
The authors present the early findings from an ongoing evaluation that seeks to identify the impact of Peru’s Juntos programme on women’s empowerment. The study focuses on three empowerment dimensions: decision-making on household resources; freedom of movement; and gender roles and ideology (including perceptions of rights, rejection of male domination, and domestic violence).
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JournalJournal of Family Violence
The Co-Occurrence of Domestic and Child Violence in Urban Peru: Evidence from Three Regions
2015Martín Benavides, Juan Leon,
Using a unique dataset collected from three regions in Peru (Huancavelica, Lima and Loreto), this study explores the co-occurrence of domestic and child violence within households; that is, the situation where a victim of domestic violence (mother) becomes a perpetrator towards other family members (children) in the same household. Secondly, the study seeks to analyze […]
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JournalDebates en sociología
“Negra soy, color bonito”: el papel de la “raza” en la identidad de los afrodescendientes en el Perú
2014Nestor Valdivia,
Sorry, this entry is only available in European Spanish.
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Stated social behavior and revealed actions: Evidence from six Latin American countries
2013,
Do attitudinal surveys and incentivized experiments predict actual behavior? The authors answer this question using data on trust and pro-sociality from experiments and surveys conducted on six Latin American cities. Individuals in agreement with a set of pro-social statements who also either are willing to trust others more or are interested in risk-pooling, end up […]
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Gender earning gaps around the world: a study of 64 countries
2012,
The purpose of this paper is to analyze gender disparities in labor earnings for a comprehensive set of 64 countries. Design/methodology/approach – Using the methodological approach proposed by Ñopo, socio-demographic characteristics are used to match males and females such that gender earnings disparities are computed only among individuals with the same observable characteristics. Findings – […]
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Projects
- Abused mothers and daughters: Inter-generational transmission of domestic violence in PeruNovember 2011
- Innovations in the race and ethnicity modules in the PRIDI (Regional Child Development Indicators Project): Paraguay, Ecuador and PeruJanuary 2011 - April 2011
- Health, violence and early years’ education demandJanuary 2011 - August 2011
- Situation of Afro-descendant childhood and adolescence in PeruJuly 2010 - December 2010
- Rethinking national history in the margins of the state: local narratives in times of conflicts and transformationFebruary 2010 - January 2011
- Study on the status of children and indigenous children in PeruMarch 2009 - November 2009
- Design of the impact assessment of the gender and microfinances projectMay 2008 - June 2008
- Court decentralization and domestic violence against womenApril 2008 - April 2009
- Estado de Niñez y AdolescenciaJune 2007
- Jóvenes y ExclusiónAugust 2006
News
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Wilson Hernández in RPP Noticias: survey reveals that 30% of victims noticed the first sign of violence in the first year of romantic relationship
November 25, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Wilson Hernández, adjunct researcher at GRADE, spoke in RPP Noticias about the findings of a survey conducted among women victims of intimate partner violence. This study indicates that 30% of the victims noticed the first sign of violence in the first year of romantic relationship. While another 30% perceived violence in the second year.
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“Not all aggressors and not all victims are the same”. Wilson Hernández joins REDES and RPP podcast on violence against women
November 24, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“Not all aggressors and not all victims are the same. They are different in the frequency and severity of the attacks. Let’s discuss two patterns of victimization. One in which women suffer a lot of physical, psychological and sexual aggression, and are subjected to aggression in the last 12 months. This is 9% of women […]
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Come On, Guys: It’s Time Men Got More Involved at Home, by Hugo Ñopo
October 22, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“One of the biggest hurdles women face when it comes to professional opportunities lies at home. We — husbands, fathers, sons and brothers — are largely responsible for the inequality that stems from our own behavior in the household. And we do this to the people we love!”. Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher at GRADE, writes in Americas Quaterly […]
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Young, rural and low-income women lost more their jobs during the pandemic
October 21, 2020 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“The research calculated that 34% of female heads of households lost their jobs compared to 28% of their male counterparts, as this problem is much more profound in Peru, El Salvador, Honduras and Bolivia. More than half of the women female heads of households who are in charge of children under 6 have seen their […]
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When the “good” neighborhoods ruin the “bad” ones, by Wilson Hernández
October 20, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“When an adolescent lives in a vulnerable neighborhood, his propensity to commit a crime is greater when there are people with less vulnerability in the surroundings neighborhoods. But, according to the aforementioned study, this is not the case when the surroundings neighborhoods are also vulnerable”. Our adjunct researcher Wilson Hernández highlighted the findings of a […]
Events
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Vanessa Rojas will be speaker at a MIMP dialogue on violence-free parenting practices for healthy family functioning
20/05/2021 9:00 am Zoom del MIMP Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Vanessa Rojas, associated researcher at GRADE, will share the study “Experiences of violence throughout the life cycle. Evidence from the longitudinal study Young Lives Peru”, as part of a Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations (MIMP) dialogue on violence-free parenting practices for healthy family functioning. The aim of the event is to sensitize both women and men regarding […]
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Wilson Hernández and Walter Noel will share their studies on criminality and citizen insecurity at a CIES meeting
20/05/2021 10:00 am Facebook CIES Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our adjunct researcher, Wilson Hernández, will share his study (together with Lucía Dammert and Lilian Kanashiro from the University of Lima) “The perception of citizen insecurity: determinants and narratives”, as part of the Thursday of Researchers of the Consortium for the Economic and Social Research (CIES). Walter Noel, assistant researcher at GRADE, will share his study […]
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GRADE’s researchers will give methodological workshops, attend conferences and share papers at the VII National Seminar of the SIEP
18/05/2021 → 21/05/2021 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Methodologies for research and evaluation of policy and programmes, Poverty and equality, State reform and public institutions
Diversos investigadores de Grade del área de investigación Educación y aprendizajes dictarán talleres metodológicos, participarán de conferencias y presentarán ponencias en el VII Seminario Nacional de Investigación Educativa «Causas y desafíos de la segregación educativa: implicancias para la calidad, la equidad y la construcción de ciudadanía», organizado por la Sociedad de Investigación Educativa Peruana (SIEP), el 18, 19, 20 y 21 de mayo, por primera […]
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Wilson Hernández in TEDxTukuyWomen20: “We tend to simplify a big issue like gender violence”
18/12/2020 Facebook TED Tukuy Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“We tend to simplify a big issue like gender violence. We take quick guesses, and we use common sense that is full of stereotypes that we do not always know or can question. With this, we create myths such as that violence against women is concentrated in those with low resources or that it is easy […]
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GRADE’s researchers at the 31st CIES Annual Research Seminar 2020
15/12/2020 → 17/12/2020 Zoom CIES Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Natural resources, extractive industries and social conflict
Del 15 al 17 de diciembre, se llevará a cabo el XXXI Seminario Anual de Investigación 2020 del Consorcio de Investigación Económica y Social (CIES), cuyo tema será “Perú 2021-2026: retos y oportunidades en el nuevo contexto mundial”. Como cada año, varios de nuestros investigadores e investigadoras participarán como expositores, comentaristas y conductores de las […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities