[2001] ESCOBAL, Javier. «The determinants of nonfarm income diversification in rural Peru». World development, 9(3): 497-508, March.
(Versión no editada del artículo).

This paper shows that in Peruvian rural areas, the has been substancial growth over the past decade in household employment outside of own-farming.

At present 51% of the net income of rural households comes from these off-farm actvities, and thus they certainly cannot be considered as «marginal». The reasons households diversify their incomes are several. Access to public assets such as roads and private assets such as education and credit is an important factor in diversification. Increasing access to these assests will help rural households to increase their self-employment as well as wage employment in the nonfarm sector.