Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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Entendiendo la paradoja de la maternidad adolescente en Lima Metropolitana: Un análisis de los efectos de vecindario en el 2013
2020 Selene Cueva
During the last 35 years, teenage childbearing rate in Metropolitan Lima has not decreased, despite the fact that the capital city has greater access to public services and better economic opportunities than other regions of Peru. In this paper, this apparent paradox is analyzed based on an exploratory analysis of neighborhood effects for 2013. Specifically, through […]
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A Drop of Love? Rainfall Shocks and Spousal Abuse: Evidence from Rural Peru
2020 Juan Jose Diaz, Víctor Saldarriaga
The authors investigate whether the exposure to rainfall shocks affects the experience of physical intimate partner violence by women in rural areas of the Peruvian Andes. Using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys over the period 2005-2014, they track changes in women’s experience of physical IPV following the exposure to rainfall shocks during the […]
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El Coronavirus y los retos para el trabajo de las mujeres en América Latina
2020 Diana Gutierrez, Guillermina Martin, Hugo Ñopo
The Coronavirus pandemic has spread throughout the world and Latin America has not escaped its health, economic and social impacts. The economic strike resulting from a combination of astringent measures (self-quarantines, mandatory quarantines, limited capacity of people in commercial premises, factories and offices, border closures, etc.), is generating profound economic and social impacts. In the […]
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JournalAustralian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology
Fear of crime examined through diversity of crime, social inequalities, and social capital: An empirical evaluation in Peru
2020 Wilson Hernández, Lucía Dammert, Lilian Kanashiro
Latin America is a violent region where fear of crime is well spread but still not fully understood. Using multilevel methods for a large and subnational representative household survey, researchers assess the determinants of fear of crime in Peru, the country with the highest fear of crime and crime victimization in the region. Results show […]
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La inclusión educativa de NNA migrantes venezolanos en el Perú – una política que no se puede nombrar
2020 Lorena Alcazar, Maria Balarin
The education sector has identified the important and growing demand of foreign migrant families, and has reacted to this issue. However, a discourse and practice guaranteeing the right to education coexists with a marked absence of policies explicitly aimed at facilitating its educational inclusion. In this analysis paper, the authors address the educational inclusion of […]
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The Gender Wage Gap in Peru 1986-2000: Evidence from a Matching Comparisons Approach
2009,
Applying the methodology developed in Ñopo (2004), the paper analyzes the evolution of the gender wage gap in Peru from 1986 to 2000. This methodology has two advantages. First, it recognizes that the supports of observable characteristics distributions differ substantially. Second, it provides deeper insights regarding the distribution of the unexplained gender differences in earnings. […]
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The Educational Gender Gap in Latin America and the Caribbean
2008, ,
The paper analyzes the evolution of gender differences in school attendance and attainment in Latin America and the Caribbean, for both adults who left the educational system and children in school. For individuals 21 years old and above the paper uses a cohort analysis of school attainment. The results indicate that the schooling gap has […]
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Stated Social Behavior and Revealed Actions: Evidence from Six Latin American Countries Using Representative Samples
2008,
The paper explores the link between what people say they prefer to do and what they actually do. Using data from an experimental project exploring trust and pro-sociality for representative samples of individuals in six Latin American capital cities, the paper links the results of these experiments with the responses obtained from representative surveys to […]
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Stated Social Behavior and Revealed Actions: Evidence from 6 Latin American Countries Using Representative Samples
2008,
The paper explores the link between what people say they prefer to do and what they actually do. Using data from an experimental project exploring trust and pro-sociality for representative samples of individuals in six Latin American capital cities, the paper links the results of these experiments with the responses obtained from representative surveys to […]
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Etnicidad y acumulación de capital humano en México Urbano
2008,
Se analiza la movilidad social y la acumulación de capital humano entre minorías étnicas en zonas urbanas de México, se exploran los cambios en el logro académico y la situación en el mercado laboral y se emplean datos de panel provenientes de la Encuesta sobre la Vida de la Familia Mexicana (MFxLS). Los resultados apuntan […]
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JournalRevista Economía
Occupational training to reduce gender segregation: The impacts of ProJoven
2008,
The paper illustrates the process of program evaluation for ProJoven, the Peruvian youth labor training program. The program provides beneficiaries with basic three-month training in lowskill occupations and with internship opportunities. ProJoven’s design promotes gender equality by encouraging female participation in training for traditionally male-dominated occupations and by providing subsidies so mothers with children can […]
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JournalEconomic Development and Cultural Change
Ethnicity and Earnings in a Mixed-Race Labor Market
2007, Maximo Torero,
The study examines the relationship between earnings and racial differences in a context in which various races have coexisted and mixed during several centuries, as is true in many parts of the postcolonial world and specifically urban Peru. Coarse indicators of racial differences do not suffice in capturing this relationship; therefore, the authors introduce a score-based […]
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JournalAfrican Development Review
Selection and Reporting Bias in Household Surveys of Child Labor: Evidence from Tanzania
2007,
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JournalThe IUP Journal of Applied Economics
Working Within Confines: Occupational Segregation By Sex For Three Latin American Countries
2005,
The paper assesses the evolution of occupational segregation by sex using comparable data sets for Costa Rica, Ecuador and Uruguay over the 1989-1997 period. The authors estimate segregation indices using two-digit occupational categories for the entire employed labor force and also for sub-samples with different levels of educational attainment. Using a re-sampling technique, the authors estimate […]
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The Gender Wage Gap in Peru 1986-2000: Evidence from a Matching Comparisons Approach
2004,
Applying the methodology developed in Ñopo (2004), the author analyze the evolution of the gender wage gap in Peru from 1986 to 2000. The advantage of such methodology is two-fold. First, it recognizes that the supports of observable characteristics distributions differ substantially. Second, it provides deeper insights regarding the distribution of the unexplained gender differences […]
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Projects
News
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Opinion Article, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
The other Pandemic: A look from the evidence, by Wilson Hernández
September 8, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Peru is among the countries that lead the health and economic consequences of COVID-19. Both factors are linked to the increase in family violence. Why don’t we talk more about this other pandemic? Read the new article by Wilson Hernández, adjunct researcher at GRADE, in RPP Noticias with ideas and evidence in this regard.
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Comment, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
Wilson Hernández in Ideeleradio: COVID-19 and violence against women
May 8, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our adjunct researcher Wilson Hernández shared in Ideeleradio lessons for Peru from international experiences to contain and prevent violence against women in the context of the pandemic. On the Spanish initiative “Máscara 19” he commented: “It is interesting because it allows it to be done in confidence. It requires a series of protocols to be able […]
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Opinion Article, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
COVID-19 y violencias contra las mujeres: ¿Qué están haciendo otros países y qué podemos hacer en el Perú?
May 3, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Por: Wilson Hernández Breña. Ya sabemos que la pandemia incrementa el riesgo de violencia contra las mujeres. Antes de que sea tarde, saquemos lecciones de lo que otros países están haciendo para contener y prevenir la violencia, porque este problema no acaba con la cuarentena. Foto: Proyecto CREER. Las violencias contra las mujeres suelen aumentar […]
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Opinion Article, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
The other victims: Covid-19 expone la desigualdad, por Lorena Alcázar vía Ojo Público
April 21, 2020 Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Poverty and equality
More than a month after the quarantine started, the situation is uncertain and worrying for thousands of families. The impact of measures to tackle the pandemic is not the same for everyone. Women have a greater presence in the sectors hardest hit by the crisis: commerce (26% versus 13% of men) and services (44% versus […]
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Op-ed by journalist Daniela Meneses highlights findings from three studies of the book Violence against Women
January 8, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“The risks of domestic violence are greater when lower levels of education for the couple and higher educational achievements for wives than for husbands come together”. La op-ed by the journalist Daniela Meneses for the Peruvian newspaper El Comercio highlights the findings of three studies of the book “Violence Against Women: the need for a double plural”, edited by our […]
Events
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Young Lives Peru organizes the virtual dialogue “Violence: another pandemic that threatens girls and adolescents”
29/09/2020 6:00 pm Evento virtual Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
On September 29, the longitudinal study Young Lives Peru will organize the virtual dialogue Violence: another pandemic that threatens girls and adolescents. PANELISTS Vanessa Rojas, coordinator of the qualitative component for Young Lives Peru. Matilde Cobeña, adjunct for childhood and adolescence at the Ombudsman’s Office of Peru. MODERADOR Santiago Cueto, country director of Young Lives Peru and executive director at GRADE. […]
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Lorena Alcázar will be a panelist at CIES-UNDP Peru dialogue on youth action against the pandemic
29/09/2020 4:00 pm Evento virtual Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Youth has been one of the hardest hit not only by the direct impact of COVID-19 on the lives of young people, their families or their communities, but also by a reduction of spaces, funding and opportunities to play an active role in the response and recovery process. To discuss this issue, the Consortium for […]
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Hugo Ñopo will be a speaker at UNDP Peru and MIMP “COVID Scenarios: Women in the workplace, an unequal relationship”
10/07/2020 9:00 am Evento virtual Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Hugo Ñopo, senior researcher of GRADE, will be a speaker at the dialogue “COVID Scenarios: Women in the workplace, an unequal relationship”, organized by UNDP Peru and the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations of Peru. Comments by Carolina Trivelli, principal investigator of the Institute of Peruvian Studies, and Diana Gutiérrez, manager of the UNDP Global […]
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Wilson Hernández will join a McGill WED Lab panel on Covid-19 and gender-based violence in the Global South
02/07/2020 9:00 am (Perú) Online event Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
COVID-19 has become an unprecedented global crisis. The pandemic and its associated economic crisis have exposed deep structural inequalities around the world, with disproportionate effects on women and girls. This webinar will discuss current issues around COVID-19 and gender based violence for women in the Global South. A diverse panel of experts from the worlds […]
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Lorena Alcazar was a panelist at Gender Matters: COVID-19 and the labour market in the Global South Webinar
28/05/2020 10:00 am - 11:00 am Evento online Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
As with other pandemics in recent history, women are particularly vulnerable. COVID-19 has further aggravated structural inequalities that systematically disadvantage women, specifically in the economic system. Economically, women are disproportionately impacted by the financial effects of the pandemic as the majority work in low-paid or informal jobs with few social protections. Around the globe, 740 […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities