Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
Despite social progress and economic advancement in recent years, different forms of social exclusion persist in Peru, which limit the access to development resources for indigenous peoples and Peruvians of African descent. These communities’ ability to fully realize their social, economic, and civil rights is in turn severely diminished. Along with these forms of social exclusion, various mores and institutions of Peruvian society perpetuate other types of social inequalities based on gender and have resulted in unequal opportunities for men and women in our country.
Both forms of inequality have structural roots that not only manifest themselves in civic and economic life, but also find expression in daily acts of discrimination and violence (physical and symbolic).
In this context, GRADE has produced a corpus of studies that explores the multiple dimensions of these forms of social inequality. The studies seek, above all, to bring these problems to the fore by measuring the magnitude of their impact on society, and in turn, we have created a resource for data and analysis that responds to these inequalities.
Building on these studies, we have begun to explore both the causes and consequences of these forms of exclusion, discrimination, and violence. We additionally conduct advocy with the state to incorporate solutions to these issues into its public policy agenda, and we likewise consult on the design of these policy resolutions..
Senior Researchers
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María Balarin Bonazzi
PhD en Educational Policy - University of Bath
María is a Senior Researcher at the Group for the Analysis of Development (GRADE) where she has a broad portfolio of both applied and academic research. Her applied work focuses on the analysis and qualitative evaluation of educational and social policies, with a special focus on processes of policy implementation. Her academic work has mostly focused […]
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Martín Benavides Abanto (on leave)
PhD en Sociology - Pennsylvania State University
Martín Benavides has a PhD in Sociology from Pennsylvania State University where he also attained a Master’s Degree in Education Policy. He has a degree in Sociology and a BA in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and has been a visiting student on issues of social mobility and inequality at Nuffield College […]
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Juan León Jara-Almonte
PhD en - Pennsylvania State University
Juan has a PhD in Educational Theory and Policy and Comparative & International Education from Pennsylvania State University. He holds a Bachelor’s degree in Social Sciences with mention in Economics from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Currently, he is a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His research interests are inequality in education, intercultural bilingual education, early […]
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Martín Valdivia Huaringa
PhD en Applied Economics - University of Minnesota
Martin Valdivia has a PhD in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota. He has worked as a Senior Researcher at GRADE since 1993. His fields of interest include entrepreneurship, financial inclusion, rural development and more recently democratic governance, with publications in journals such as the Review of Economics and Statistics, the Journal of Development […]
Associated Researchers
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Néstor Valdivia Vargas
PhD candidate en Sociology - El Colegio de México
Néstor Valdivia is studying for a PhD in Sociology at El Colegio de México and holds a degree in Sociology from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He is currently an Associate Researcher at GRADE in the fields of poverty and equality, education, the labor market and human development. He has worked on development and […]
External Consultants
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Paulo César Carrasco Fernández
Degree en - Pedro Ruíz Gallo National University
Paulo holds a Degree in Sociology from the National University Pedro Ruiz Gallo in Lambayeque and is a member of the Professional Board of Sociologists in Peru (Colegio de Sociólogos del Perú). Currently he is a Field Supervisor of the Childhood, Violence and Development Project funded by Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Publications
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El Perú pendiente: ensayos para un desarrollo con bienestar
2022 Maria Balarin, Santiago Cueto, Ricardo Fort
Los ensayos que conforman este libro han sido escritos a modo de conmemoración por los primeros 40 años de vida institucional de GRADE, que coinciden no solo con el Bicentenario de la Independencia del Perú, sino también con la crisis sanitaria por la pandemia del COVID-19 y sus profundas secuelas económicas, sociales y políticas. Desde […]
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El impacto de la pandemia por la COVID-19 sobre la violencia familiar: diferenciando víctimas, tipos de violencia y niveles de riesgo en el Perú
2022 Wilson Hernández, Angelo Cozzubo, José Carlos Aguilar, Denise Ledgard, Jorge Aguero
Las medidas para mitigar los contagios por COVID-19 generaron condiciones para una mayor violencia familiar (confinamiento forzado, restricciones de movilidad, estrés económico, etc.). Tal fue el caso del Perú. Esta investigación evalúa el impacto de estas condiciones sobre la violencia familiar en el Perú durante las primeras 14 semanas de cuarenta. Empleamos los registros administrativos […]
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JournalEconomic Development and Cultural Change
(Un)Conditional Love in the Time of Conditional Cash Transfers: The Effect of the Peruvian JUNTOS Program on Spousal Abuse
2022 Juan Jose Diaz, Víctor Saldarriaga
Cash transfer programs often target women as the recipient of the money. Unintentionally, this flow of unearned income may reduce spousal abuse. We investigate this possibility by assessing the Peruvian JUNTOS program. We exploit the staggered timing in the rollout of the program across municipalities along with its eligibility rule for determining participation to perform […]
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El efecto de las prácticas parentales en el desarrollo infantil en comunidades urbanas y rurales de la selva peruana
2021 Juan Leon, Beatriz Oré, Martín Benavides, Gabriela Conde, Alejandra Miranda
Development during the first years of life predicts optimal outcomes in the life trajectory and future of boys and girls. Today it is known that it is influenced by a complex range of individual, family and contextual variables. However, there are few studies in Peru that address this issue from a comprehensive approach, considering all […]
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JournalAnxiety and Stress
Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Adaptation and psychometric properties in Peruvian population
2021 Wilson Hernández, Andrea Burneo, Mónica Cassaretto
Current context caused by COVID-19 has changed social and day-to-day life worldwide. Mental health is no exception. The objective of this study was to adapt and analyze the psychometric properties of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) in a sample of Peruvian professionals.
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El género y las trayectorias hacia la adultez en el Perú: educación, trabajo y maternidad/paternidad
2017
En este documento examinamos cómo el género afecta las trayectorias educativas, laborales y de maternidad/ paternidad de una muestra de jóvenes que crecen en situación de pobreza en el Perú. Reportamos los resultados y las trayectorias de 26 miembros de la cohorte mayor que participaron en la investigación cualitativa del estudio longitudinal Niños del Milenio […]
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Social protection systems and domestic violence in poor urban contexts: the case of San Juan de Lurigancho
2017
In Peru approximately four out of ten women has suffered from any kind of violence from their partners. In spite of the development of a social protection system in the country, according to the DHS, only 25% of women sought help. This problem of lack of access to the social protection system might be related […]
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Impacts of the Peruvian conditional cash transfer program on women empowerment: a quantitative and qualitative approach
2016
This study aims to identify the effects of the conditional cash transfer program of Peru, Juntos, on women’s empowerment. Although the program does not envisage women’s welfare as an objective per se, women play a key role as they are the main recipients of the cash transfer and are responsible for compliance with the program’s conditions and thus […]
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Madres e hijas maltratadas: La transmisión intergeneracional de la violencia doméstica en el Perú
2013,
Se revisó empíricamente la persistencia intergeneracional de la violencia doméstica sobre un análisis de regresión de probabilidad controlado por variables asociadas a las características personales, culturales y del entorno de residencia de la encuestada.
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Mujer y movilidad social
2013,
En el documento se presenta un conjunto de recomendaciones de política para generar una efectiva igualdad de oportunidades para hombres y mujeres y, de esta forma, mejorar las dinámicas de movilidad social en Colombia. Para esto, inicialmente se explora la evidencia existente sobre la situación de la mujer en la sociedad colombiana y se hace […]
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JournalEthnic and Racial Studies
Dynamics of ethnic and racial self-identification in contemporary Peru
2018
This study has sought to analyse how the social and cultural dynamics of the population are expressed in the recent processes of ethnic self-identification in Peru. Data from 2012 to 2016 Peru National Household survey was used to investigate specifically: (a) on the contribution of the questions about ethnic and racial self-identification included in the […]
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JournalSociology of Race and Ethnicity
Access to Higher Education of Afro-Peruvians: Disentangling the Influence of Skin Color and Social Origins in the Peruvian Stratification System
2018
Despite recent efforts by the Peruvian government to rectify centuries of injustice against Afro-Peruvians, not much is known about the relative influence of discrimination and social origins on Afro-Peruvians’ access to higher education. Using data from the 2014 Specialized Study of Afro-Peruvian Population and logistic regression, the authors examine the influence of skin color and […]
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JournalDevelopment in Practice
Assessing the impacts of a peer-to-peer training programme for women in Peru
2018
This article reports on research that aimed to assess the economic and social impacts of a peer-to-peer training programme targeted to women in Peru, looking at overall and differentiated impacts according to design features, on a sample of 300 women in participant and non-participant communities. The study found significant positive impacts on women’s time devoted […]
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JournalJournal of African Economies
Do Dreams Come True? Aspirations and Educational Attainments of Ethiopian Boys and Girls
2017
Authors use unique individual-level panel data from Ethiopia to investigate the role of aspirations for human-capital investments. More specifically, they investigate how parental and children’s aspirations form and document the relation between early aspirations and educational attainment at the age of 15 and 19. Researchers find that aspirations are predictive of the number of year of schooling completed upon controlling […]
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JournalAssessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice
Classroom composition and its association with students’ achievement and socioemotional characteristics in Peru
2016Santiago Cueto, Juan Leon,
School composition is a topic that has gained increasing attention from researchers over the past few years, as it has been found that the socio-economic characteristics of students are associated with their achievement. However, most research has been cross-sectional and carried out in industrialised countries. In the study, the authors use parental education as a […]
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Diferencias en el acceso de las mujeres al microcrédito en el Perú e impacto de la tenencia del título de propiedad
Mercado y gestión del microcrédito en el Perú2004Maximo Torero, ,
El presente estudio pretende medir el acceso de las mujeres al microcrédito en el Perú. Asimismo, busca examinar el vínculo entre la distribución por género de los derechos de propiedad y las limitaciones en el acceso de las mujeres peruanas al crédito.
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Labor markets during 1990s
After the Washington Consensus: restarting growth and reform in Latin America2003
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A case study of Manthoc, the movement of working children in Peru
Old enough to work, old enough to have a say1998,
Principios de autonomía de Manthoc como organización, su afán por la representación de los niños, su orientación hacia el conjunto de niños parte de los movimientos de NATs e implementación de una metodología.
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Grandes unidades escolares y violencia: modelo para desarmar
Análisis de políticas: documentos sobre problemas educacionales en América Latina1997Martín Benavides,
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Comando sur: la metáfora de la familia y el poder de la tradición
Fútbol, identidad, violencia y racionalidad1994Martín Benavides,
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship en la categoría Policy brief
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Outsiders?: The Changing Patterns of Exclusion in Latin America and the Caribbean
2008,
This report raises a number of fundamental questions about the multidimensional and interrelated nature of social exclusion and moves beyond the traditional emphasis on outcomes and groups to view exclusion as a process that results from societal traits that limit the functionings of the excluded. Using the tools of experimental economics, the report shows the […]
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Más alla de los promedios: afro descendientes en América Latina: pobreza, discriminación social e identidad el caso de la población afrodescendiente en Perú
2006Martín Benavides, Maximo Torero, Nestor Valdivia,
Se busca responder preguntas cruciales en torno a 3 temas: las percepciones de esta población sobre la discriminación y exclusión social; las características de su cultura y su identidad étnica; y su situación de pobreza.
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Imaginemos un Perú mejor
1989
Artículos periodísticos escritos por el autor entre 1985 y 1988 para promover la diseminación de un enfoque de largo plazo en el pensamiento de quienes diseñan o ejecutan políticas de desarrollo.
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship en la categoría Mimeo
Projects
- Diagnosis on gender-based violence against children and adolescentsAugust 2013 - December 2013
- Development of a methodology to identify Indigenous Peoples for whom the Prior Consultation Act is applicable in the Peruvian Andes.May 2013 - June 2013
- Childhood, violence and developmentJanuary 2013 - December 2013
- Review of the Logical Framework of the National Program against Family ViolenceNovember 2012 - January 2013
- Mapping of micro credit integration experiences with training on gender or domestic violenceNovember 2012
- Causal estimates of intangible costs of violence against women in Latin American and The CaribbeanSeptember 2012 - January 2013
- New dilemmas in public analysis and follow-up of ethnic inequality in Peru – IISeptember 2012 - April 2014
- Indicators on violence against children in PeruMay 2012 - January 2013
- Ethnic-racial discrimination in health services in Guatemala: an audit study to evaluate the impacts of an intervention based on health rightsApril 2012 - March 2015
- Study about Afro-descendant children in PeruApril 2012 - October 2012
News
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Santiago Cueto is a member of the driving group of the National Network for Research on Disability
June 16, 2021 Education and learning, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our Executive Director and Senior Researcher, Santiago Cueto, is part of the driving group of the National Network for Research on Disability (RENID), promoted by the National Council for the Integration of Persons with Disabilities (Conadis) of the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations (MIMP). The aim of RENID is to promote the generation, discussion, dissemination and […]
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GRADE and Southern Voice join the CORE Initiative COVID-19 Responses for Equity
June 10, 2021 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
GRADE join CORE COVID-19 Responses for Equity, an initiative gathering 21 projects from 42 countries that seeks to understand the socio-economic impacts of the pandemic, improve existing responses, and generate better policy options for recovery. Together with Southern Voice, our centre takes part with a project that focuses on how to achieve sustainable and gender inclusive improvements in food […]
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Ojo Público highlights Hugo Ñopo’s opinion on the disparities of unpaid work
May 9, 2021 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“If there is a space that is unequal par excellence, it is home. The National Survey on the Use of Time reveals that 80% of unpaid domestic tasks are done by women. Men and women go out to work and education with an inequality of gigantic opportunities, which for them is equivalent to two days […]
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Lorena Alcázar joined a REDES podcast about the drama of the “ninis” in Peru
December 7, 2020 Education and learning, Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
“The vulnerability of young people in the context of a pandemic is usually associated only with the ‘NEETs’, but in reality the problem is more complex and heterogeneous. There are almost a third of women who, in most cases, are dedicated to maternity or domestic work “. Our senior researcher Lorena Alcazar joined the fifth episode of ‘Hablemos […]
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Wilson Hernández shares his opinion in El Comercio about the police reform: lay the foundations and propose a plan
November 29, 2020 Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
What this government will do is lay the foundations for the police reform and propose a work plan for a commission to execute it as of July 28, 2021. But in these months of the transitional government, progress can be made on important issues”. According to our adjunct researcher, Wilson Hernández, these issues are three: improving the […]
Events
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Lorena Alcázar will be a panelist at a PNUD dialogue on local governance to address gender-based violence through community action
28/10/2021 3:00 pm - 4:00 pm Zoom de PNUD Perú Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our Senior Researcher Lorena Alcázar will join the presentation of the methodological notebook “Local governance to address gender-based violence through community action. Case: The Justa network of leaders”, prepared by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). This methodological notebook proposes a set of steps for the creation and strengthening of networks of organizations of women leaders […]
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Ricardo Fort joined a COVID-19 Responses for Equity CORE Initiative international panel
23/06/2021 8:00 am Zoom CORE Initiative Ethnicity, gender and citizenship, Urbanization and sustainable cities
Our Senior Researcher Ricardo Fort joined an IDRC and IDS COVID-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) Initiative international discussion. GRADE is member of the CORE initative. The event explored learnings from approaches to identifying, assessing, and pursuing opportunities to influence policy decisions and changes in practice. Co-hosted by Southern Voice and IDS, saught to enhance efforts to inform […]
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GRADE’s researchers join the CIES Research Seminar on social policies
16/06/2021 → 17/06/2021 10:30 am Zoom CIES Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
On Thursday 17th, our adjunct researcher Wilson Hernández will present “Impact of Line 100 of the MIMP”, as part of the research seminar on social policies of the Consortium for Economic and Social Research (CIES). Hugo Ñopo, Senior Researcher at GRADE, will join the discussion panel. On Wednesday 16, Gabriela Arrunátegui, former GRADE’s research assistant, and Micaela Giesecke […]
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Vanessa Rojas will be a speaker at a dialogue for adolescence free of marriage
28/05/2021 4:00 pm Facebook del Grupo Interdisciplinario de Familias Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Vanessa Rojas, associated researcher at GRADE, will be a speaker at the dialogue on Adolescence free of marriage: Let’s eradicate adolescent marriage and / or early unions from the age of 14, organized by the PUCP Interdisciplinary Family Group, International Plan, UNFPA, Academic Forum, WILA, Learning Together and the UNMSM Human Rights Circle. Vanessa will present […]
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GRADE researchers at LASA 2021, Global crisis, inequalities and the centrality of life
25/05/2021 → 29/05/2021 Web de LASA Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
Our researchers Vanessa Rojas and Wilson Hernández will be speakers at the international virtual congress of the Latin American Studies Association LASA 2021, organized from May 26 to 29. According to the Congress website, under the theme Global crisis, inequalities and the centrality of life, the event will be a meeting for reflection and exchange […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities