Employment, Productivity and Innovation
The main objective of various projects carried out at GRADE in this area has been to assess the economic impacts of labor legislation and its effects on the hiring of temporary workers, on employment rotation and mobility, or non-salary labor costs and on the demand for formal employment. Additional issues include the insertion of youth in the labor market, self-employment rates, the role of micro and small-scale enterprises in employment generation, and policies for driving innovation in the country.
Senior Researchers
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Juan José Díaz Noziglia
PhD en Economics - University of Maryland
Juan José Díaz has a PhD in Economics from the University of Maryland. He is currently a Senior Researcher at GRADE. His interests include the labor economy and evaluating social, educational, health and development programs.
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Miguel Jaramillo Baanante
PhD en History - University of California
Miguel Jaramillo has a degree in Economics from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru. He completed his graduate studies in Economics and History at the University of California, where he received a PhD in History. His areas of interests are labor economics, social policy and institutional analysis. He is currently a Senior Researcher at GRADE. […]
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Máximo Torero Cullen (de licencia)
PhD en Economics - University of California, Los Angeles
Maximo received a PhD from the University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Economics and held a postdoctoral fellow position at the UCLA Institute for Social Science Research (ISSR). Currently, he is the Chief Economist of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Prior to joining FAO, he was the World Bank Group Executive Director for […]
External Affiliated Researchers
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Sonia Laszlo
PhD en - University of Toronto
Sonia Laszlo is Associate Professor of Economics and Director of the Institute for the Study of International Development. Her main research areas cover many aspects of applied microeconomic analysis in economic development: rural development, access to markets, and the relationship between income, health and education in economic development. In addition to using traditional analytic tools […]
Publications
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Savings Groups Reduce Vulnerability, but have Mixed Effects on Financial Inclusion
2020 Verónica Frisancho, Martin Valdivia
This paper evaluates the impact of the introduction of savings groups on poverty, vulnerability, and financial inclusion outcomes in rural Peru. Using a cluster randomized control trial and relying on both survey and administrative records, researchers investigate the impact of savings groups over a two year period. The authors find that savings groups channel expensive […]
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JournalJournal of Development Economics
The value of redistribution: Natural resources and the formation of human capital under weak institutions
2020 Jorge Aguero, Carlos Felipe Balcázar, Stanislao Maldonado, Hugo Ñopo
Researchers exploit time and spatial variation generated by the commodities boom to measure the effect of natural resources on human capital formation in Peru, a country with low governance indicators. Combining testscores from over two million students and district-level administrative data of mining taxes redistributed to localgovernments, they find sizable effects on student learning from […]
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The dynamics of the Peruvian labor market: job creation and destruction and destruction of jobs and worker flows
2020 Miguel Jaramillo, Daniela Campos
Peruvian labor analysis has focused mainly on its static dimension. Thus, the focus has been on indicators such as the number of jobs generated; unemployment, occupation or participation rates; job allocation by sector or formality, of unemployment, occupation or participation; the allocation of work according to sectors or formality condition. These indicators provide a view […]
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The coronavirus pandemic and its challenges to women’s work in Latin America
2020 Diana Gutiérrez, Guillermina Martin, Hugo Ñopo
The coronavirus pandemic has spread throughout the world and Latin America has not been exempt from its health, economic and social impacts. The economic shutdown, as a result of a combination of stringent measures (self-quarantines, mandatory lockdowns, limited capacity in shops, factories and offices, border closures, etc.), is having a profound economic and social impact. […]
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El coronavirus y los retos para el trabajo de las mujeres en América Latina
2020 Diana Gutiérrez, Guillermina Martin, Hugo Ñopo
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a sudden economic shutdown. How has this situation affected the work of women in Latin America? The answer to this question demands a policy focus on the differentiated impacts between women and men. With this, it is necessary to avoid generalized formulas that eventually deepen gender gaps. This document explores […]
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Teachers’ Salaries in Latin America: How Much Are They (Under or Over) Paid?
2011,
The paper documents the extent to which teachers are underpaid vis-à-vis workers in other professional and technical occupations in Latin America circa 2007. These labor earnings differences, attributed to observable socio-demographic and job characteristics, are assessed using a matching methodology (Ñopo, 2008). Teachers’ underpayment is found to be stronger than what has been previously reported […]
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Gender Earnings Gaps in the World
2011,
The paper documents gender disparities in labor earnings for sixty-four countries around the world. Disparities are partially attributed to gender differences in observable socio-demographic and job characteristics. These characteristics are used to match males and females such that gender earnings disparities are computed only among individuals with the same characteristics, as in Ñopo (2008). After […]
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Evolution of Gender Gaps in Latin America at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: An Addendum to “New Century, Old Disparities”
2010,
The paper complements the findings of Atal, Ñopo and Winder (2009) on gender and ethnic wage gaps for 18 Latin American countries circa 2005 by analyzing gender wage gaps for the same countries between circa 1992 and circa 2007. During this span the overall gender earnings gaps dropped about 7 percentage points, while the unexplained […]
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Evolution of Gender Wage Gaps in Latin America at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: An Addendum to “New Century, Old Disparities”
2010,
The authors complements the findings of Atal, Ñopo and Winder (2010) on gender and ethnic wage gaps for 18 Latin American countries circa 2005 by analyzing gender wage gaps for the same countries between circa 1992 and circa 2007. During this span the overall gender earnings gaps dropped about 7 percentage points, while the unexplained […]
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The Persistent Gender Earnings Gap in Colombia, 1994-2006
2010
The authors surveys gender wage gaps in Colombia from 1994 to 2006, using matchingcomparisons to examine the extent to which individuals with similar human capitalcharacteristics earn different wages. Three sub-periods are considered: 1994-1998; 2000-2001; and 2002- 2006. The gaps dropped from the first to the second period but remained almost unchanged between the second and […]
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JournalAfrican Development Review
Selection and Reporting Bias in Household Surveys of Child Labor: Evidence from Tanzania
2007,
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JournalUnodiverso: ciencia, tecnología y sociedad
Retos del Plan Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Competitividad y el Desarrollo Humano
2006Juana Kuramoto,
El Plan Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Competitividad y el Desarrollo Humano fue aprobado vía decreto supremo que lo convierte en un documento vinculante para el sector público y referencial para el privado.
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JournalThe IUP Journal of Applied Economics
Working Within Confines: Occupational Segregation By Sex For Three Latin American Countries
2005,
The paper assesses the evolution of occupational segregation by sex using comparable data sets for Costa Rica, Ecuador and Uruguay over the 1989-1997 period. The authors estimate segregation indices using two-digit occupational categories for the entire employed labor force and also for sub-samples with different levels of educational attainment. Using a re-sampling technique, the authors estimate […]
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The Gender Wage Gap in Peru 1986-2000: Evidence from a Matching Comparisons Approach
2004,
Applying the methodology developed in Ñopo (2004), the author analyze the evolution of the gender wage gap in Peru from 1986 to 2000. The advantage of such methodology is two-fold. First, it recognizes that the supports of observable characteristics distributions differ substantially. Second, it provides deeper insights regarding the distribution of the unexplained gender differences […]
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Union density changes and union effects on firm perfomance in Peru
What difference do unions make?: their impact on productivity and wages in Latin America2005Maximo Torero,
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Diferencias en el acceso de las mujeres al microcrédito en el Perú e impacto de la tenencia del título de propiedad
Mercado y gestión del microcrédito en el Perú2004Maximo Torero, ,
El presente estudio pretende medir el acceso de las mujeres al microcrédito en el Perú. Asimismo, busca examinar el vínculo entre la distribución por género de los derechos de propiedad y las limitaciones en el acceso de las mujeres peruanas al crédito.
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Labor market reforms and their impacts over formal labor demand and job market turnover: the case of Peru
Law and employment: lessons from Latin America and the Caribbean2000Maximo Torero,
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El futuro de la evaluación en el Perú
Foro Educativo y REDUC. Congreso Internacional Reformas y Escuelas para el Nuevo Siglo2004Santiago Cueto,
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Small farmers economic organizations: producer associations and agricultural development in Peru
Economic liberalization and evolution of rural agricultural sector in Peru2003Manuel Glave, Ricardo Fort,
The main objective of this study is to identify which factors increase (or decrease) the competitiveness of small farmers in the Peruvian Agriculture.
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Implementing CCTs: Lessons from Latin America
2012Miguel Jaramillo,
This brief presents four main steps in implementing a successful CCT programme, and in each, draws on the Latin American experience to highlight key issues policymakers should consider when creating an implementation strategy in other contexts.
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Improving Health and Education Through CCTs
2012Miguel Jaramillo,
This brief describes how Latin American countries have used CCTs to improve health and education, the results achieved, and lessons learned for improving health and education in other settings.
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Menos desiguales: la distribución del ingreso luego de las reformas estructurales
2011
Menos desiguales: la distribución del ingreso luego de las reformas estructurales.
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Designing an Effective CCT
2011Miguel Jaramillo,
This brief analyses the most important CCT design elements from the Latin American experience: the target population, incentives and conditionalities, and entry and exit rules to help other countries as they make design decisions to adapt CCTs to their own contexts.
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CCT Programmes: An Overview of the Latin American Experience
2011Gerardo Damonte, Manuel Glave,
This guide provides an overview to CCT programmes in Latin America, including their history, objectives and use, evidence of their impact, and finally, the main lessons coming out of Latin America that can be useful for policymakers considering implementing CCTs in their own countries.
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Employment, Productivity and Innovation en la categoría Book
No se han encontrado publicaciones de Employment, Productivity and Innovation en la categoría Mimeo
Projects
- Design of the Strategic Program on Child LaborJanuary 2010 - April 2010
- Research agenda for FINCyT – CIES call for proposalsAugust 2008
- Analyzing the logistic chains of mineral and fish productsJuly 2008
- Design of the impact assessment of the gender and microfinances projectMay 2008 - June 2008
- La unión hace la fuerza: Integrando a los pequeños productores de trucha con mercados externosJuly 2007
- Apoyo al seguimiento del programa de ciencia y tecnología Perú-BIDJuly 2007
- Estudio de diseño de sistema de monitoreo y evaluación de resultados del programa de capacitación a inspectores laborales del MTPEJuly 2007
- El Mercado, el Estado y la dinámica de la desigualdadJuly 2007
- Estudio panel para la evaluación de impacto del proceso de simplificación administrativa en las empresas en Lima cercadoJune 2007
- 2006 Fondoempleo, profile evaluationAugust 2006
News
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Interview, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
Miguel Jaramillo in Bloomberg Línea: “The probability of a young person getting a formal job would be even more difficult”
April 14, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation
“The probability of a young person getting a formal job, which is already ridiculously low, would be even more difficult. If the labor policy announcements are oriented towards the fact that it will cost more to fire, that temporary contracts are limited, how do you want firms hire more? If the government really wants to […]
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Is the increase in the minimum wage an impromptu decision? Miguel Jaramillo’s opinion
April 10, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation
Is the increase in the minimum wage an impromptu decision? According to Miguel Jaramillo, principal investigator at GRADE, “it is very difficult to justify this type of measure in the current context of depressed formal employment and growing informal employment. The decision is opportunistic, not technical.” Read his full comment in La República.
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Let’s put informality in lockers, by Hugo Ñopo
April 5, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation
“When we say that informality in the country reaches 72% of workers, we are adding everyone, putting very different realities in the same bag. One part of this informality is fought with inspection, another part (in fact, the vast majority), no. Making the distinctions is important for designing better policies.” Read the latest article by […]
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Comment, Media GRADE, GRADE frente al COVID-19
Hugo Ñopo in Forbes Peru: the main gender gaps in the Peruvian labor market
March 9, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
The entry of women into “flexible” or part-time jobs occurs because they still mostly attend to domestic duties or within their homes. “The National Time Use Survey reveals that in a typical week, women have two fewer days to work. This implies a huge inequality of opportunity.” Read the comments of Hugo Ñopo, Senior Researcher at GRADE […]
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Minimum wage: an ineffective instrument to redistribute income, by Miguel Jaramillo
March 4, 2022 Employment, productivity and innovation
“As an instrument to redistribute income to the least favored, the Minimum Vital Remuneration is not a potentially effective policy.” In this article from the Peruvian Institute of Economics (IPE), our Senior Researcher Miguel Jaramillo shares evidence on the operation and effects of minimum wage policies in Peru.
Events
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GRADE joins Ojo Público and UPCH Health Innovation Lab as partners of the #MITCOVID19Challenge Latin America vs. COVID-19
19/06/2020 → 21/06/2020 Evento virtual Employment, productivity and innovation, Health and nutrition, Urbanization and sustainable cities
GRADE joins Ojo Público and the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia’s Health Innovation Lab as partners of the MIT COVID19 Challenge: Latin America vs. COVID-19. This 48-hour virtual hackathon will be focused on developing solutions that have a relevant impact in the short term in Latin America. In our role, we will be helping to define the challenge. The […]
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Serie de Webinars: Covid-19 y la respuesta de política en el Perú
11/06/2020 → 23/06/2020 7:30 pm Evento online Employment, productivity and innovation, Urbanization and sustainable cities
GRADE presenta la Serie de Webinars: COVIDー19 y la respuesta de política en el Perú. En esta serie abordaremos diversos desafíos económicos y sociales de nuestro país frente a la pandemia. Cada tema contará con la presentación de un documento de investigación, seguido de los comentarios de investigadores. El ingreso es libre, previa inscripción aquí. Webinar […]
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Lorena Alcazar was a panelist at Gender Matters: COVID-19 and the labour market in the Global South Webinar
28/05/2020 10:00 am - 11:00 am Evento online Employment, productivity and innovation, Ethnicity, gender and citizenship
As with other pandemics in recent history, women are particularly vulnerable. COVID-19 has further aggravated structural inequalities that systematically disadvantage women, specifically in the economic system. Economically, women are disproportionately impacted by the financial effects of the pandemic as the majority work in low-paid or informal jobs with few social protections. Around the globe, 740 […]
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Miguel Jaramillo was a panelist at the fourth CADEx “New work framework in health emergency”
21/04/2020 5:00 pm Evento online Employment, productivity and innovation
IPAE held the fourth CADEx “A new labor framework on the sidelines of a health emergency”. Our senior researcher, Miguel Jaramillo, was a panelist together with Juan Carlos Requejo, vice-Minister of Labor at the Ministry of Labor and Employment Promotion, and Diego Macera, general general at the Peruvian Institute of Economics (IPE).
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Lorena Alcázar and Miguel Jaramillo joined the First Meeting Think Tanks and COVID-19 in Latin America
21/04/2020 3:00 pm - 5:00 pm Evento online Employment, productivity and innovation, Poverty and equality
Researchers and other thinktankers joined yesterday the First Meeting Think Tanks & COVID-19 in Latin America. The event was held by Southern Voice and On Think Tanks. Our senior researchers Lorena Alcázar and Miguel Jaramillo were discussants in the parallel sessions on social and economic issues. The purpose of the meeting was to exchange diagnoses and policy recommendations that may […]
- Education and Learning
- Employment, Productivity and Innovation
- Rural Development and Agriculture
- Ethnicity, Gender and Citizenship
- Methodologies for Research and Evaluation of Policy and Programmes
- Poverty and Equity
- Natural Resources, Extractive Industries and Social Conflict
- State Reform and Public Institutions
- Health and Nutrition
- Urbanization and Sustainable Cities